Oral Language
Late talking, difficulty pronouncing words, acquiring vocabulary, following directions, learning rhymes, or retrieving names.
Designs For Literacy
Dyslexia Facts & Structured Instruction
Evidence-informed guidance for recognizing persistent patterns and understanding effective teaching.International Dyslexia Association fact sheet
Dyslexia and Related Learning Differences
Dyslexia can affect reading, writing, spelling, and sometimes mathematics even when a learner has the ability and opportunity to learn. One or two characteristics alone do not establish dyslexia; concern increases when several patterns persist over time and interfere with learning.Reading
Difficulty learning letter sounds, manipulating speech sounds, reading unfamiliar words, maintaining fluency, or understanding what was read.
Written Language
Difficulty putting ideas on paper, persistent spelling errors, and difficulty proofreading everyday work.
Handwriting
Slow or disorganized handwriting, difficulty copying, uncertain handedness, and weak fine-motor control.
Math & Organization
Difficulty memorizing math facts, organizing written work, keeping track of time, papers, or homework.
Attention & Motor Skills
Variable attention, distractibility, impulsivity, or difficulty planning and coordinating movement may co-exist.
What effective instruction includes
Orton-Gillingham-Based & Multisensory Structured Language Approaches
Effective structured language teaching addresses both what is taught and how it is taught. The following principles summarize the cited IDA fact sheet.Phonology
Build awareness of the sound structure of words and the ability to segment words into individual speech sounds.
Sound-Symbol Association
Teach letter-sound relationships in both directions, then blend sounds into words and segment words into sounds.
Syllables & Morphology
Teach syllable types and division patterns together with base words, roots, prefixes, and suffixes.
Syntax & Semantics
Develop grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and comprehension of written language.
Simultaneous Multisensory Practice
Engage visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile pathways together to support learning and memory.
Systematic, Direct & Diagnostic Teaching
Move from simple to complex in a logical cumulative sequence, teach concepts explicitly, and adapt instruction through continuous assessment.
These facts are educational and do not replace a comprehensive evaluation. If several characteristics persist and affect learning, speak with a qualified professional.
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